Raman imaging and spectroscopy of individual single-wall carbon nanotubes
Item
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Title
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Raman imaging and spectroscopy of individual single-wall carbon nanotubes
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Identifier
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d_2009_2013:e0495b560d76:10394
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identifier
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10561
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Creator
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Zhang, Li,
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Contributor
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Zhonghua Yu
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Date
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2010
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Language
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English
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Publisher
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City University of New York.
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Subject
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Nanotechnology | Physical chemistry | Raman | SWNT
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Abstract
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Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) are unique one-dimensional materials that are promising for many potential applications in various important areas. Their vibrational properties reflect the electron and phonon confinement as well as the structures of the tubes. Resonant Raman spectroscopy has been proven to be an exceedingly powerful tool for the characterization of the vibrational and electronic properties of SWNTs. This thesis focuses on the study of Raman spectroscopy of individual single carbon nanotubes. Single tube spectroscopy allows probing the structure dependent properties of SWNTs.;A beam-scanning confocal Raman microscope system capable of large-area Raman imaging is first developed for characterizing SWNTs at the single tube level. Raman images and first-order Raman spectra of nanotubes, consisting of both semicoducting and metallic nanotubes, are systemically studied at room temperature in ambient air. The diameter of the nanotubes is determined from their radial breathing mode (RBM) frequency. A broad diameter distribution is observed for nanotubes synthesized by chemical vapor deposition. The tangential G mode Raman spectra of individual metallic nanotubes are found to exhibit a broad distribution of line shapes, which is attributed to shift of the Fermi level due to O2 adsorption. The doping dependence of Raman spectra of metallic tubes is further studied by both electrostatic gating and electrochemical gating. Significant changes in the G band Raman spectra of nanotubes are observed, suggesting the effect of doping on electron-phonon interaction. The observation of a gradual evolution of G band spectrum from a semiconducting type to the broad BWF type reveals evidence of phonon interaction between two G band modes.;Raman imaging and Raman spectra of isolated SWNTs and single-layer graphenen are investigated at both room temperature and low temperature. The temperature-induced Raman spectral change of individual nanotubes is observed to be tube diameter dependent, which can be ascribed to the temperature dependence of carbon-carbon bond force constant in SWNTs and the nanotube curvature effect.;At last, second-order Raman modes between 1650 and 2000 cm-1 of small-diameter SWNTs are characterized under different excitation wavelength. Excitation wavelength dependent Raman spectra of the same nanotube reveals that frequencies of the overtone M band and combination iTOLA mode of a single tube are insensitive to excitation energy, which is in contrast to the dispersive behavior observed in the ensemble measurement. It is also discovered that the relative intensity of these second-order modes depends on the chirality and family type of a nanotube.
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Type
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dissertation
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Source
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2009_2013.csv
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degree
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Ph.D.
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Program
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Chemistry
