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Title
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The effects of childhood maltreatment on criminal and substance abuse outcomes in urban youth diagnosed with ADHD
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Identifier
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d_2009_2013:23f3f9a9495a:10823
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identifier
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10963
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Creator
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De Sanctis, Virginia Ann,
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Contributor
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Jeffrey M. Halperin
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Date
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2011
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Language
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English
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Publisher
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City University of New York.
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Subject
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Clinical psychology | ADHD | Childhood Maltreatment | Conduct Disorder | Criminality | Substance Abuse
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Abstract
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Results from longitudinal studies of individuals diagnosed with attention-deficit/ hyperactive disorder (ADHD) in childhood have clearly shown that these children are at heightened risk for poor outcomes as they enter into adolescence and early adulthood. Among poor outcomes criminality (Barkley, Fischer, Edelbrock, & Smallish, 1990; Hechtman & Weiss, 1986; Mannuzza, Klein, Konig, & Giampino, 1989; Mannuzza, Klein, Bessler, Malloy, & LaPadula, 1993) and substance use disorders (SUDs; Mannuzza, Klein, Bessler, Malloy, & LaPadula, 1998; Wilens, Biederman, & Mick, 1998; King, Iacono, & Mcgue, 2004) are particularly prevalent and cause significant hardship for the individual, their family, and society at large.;While early conduct disorder (CD) has been shown to account for a substantial portion of the risk associated with later criminality and substance use in youth with ADHD (Armstrong & Costello, 2002; Brook, Whiteman, Cohen, Shapiro, & Balka, 1995; Disney, Elkins, Mcgue, & Iacono, 1999; Barkley, Fischer, Smallish, & Fletcher, 2004), the extent to which other factors, such as a history of childhood maltreatment, contribute to poor outcomes remain relatively unexplored. This is surprising given the fact that (1) there is a clear literature showing that childhood maltreatment confers considerable risk for later poor outcome in general population studies (Cicchetti & Manly, 2001; Widom, 1989a; Smith & Thornberry, 1995; Zingraff, Leiter, Myers, & Johnsen, 1993; Ireland, Smith, & Thornberry, 2002; Smith, Ireland, & Thornberry, 2005), and (2) children diagnosed with ADHD are at increased risk for maltreatment due to externalizing behaviors and dysfunctional parental relations (Briscoe-Smith & Hinshaw, 2006; Ford, Racusin, Daviss, Ellis, Thomas, Rogers, et al., 1999). To our knowledge, no study has examined the contributory role of childhood maltreatment on later poor outcome among children with ADHD. The identification of maltreatment as risk factor is important as it could (1) significantly change the way clinicians assess and treat children with ADHD, and (2) be instrumental in the development of more targeted treatment alternatives and interventions for this at risk population.;The following series of studies investigated the role of childhood maltreatment in the development of later criminality and SUDs in adolescents and young adults in a referred sample of urban, ethnically and socio-economically diverse children recruited in childhood between the ages of seven and 11 years and diagnosed with ADHD (N = 169). This group was re-assessed in adolescence (n = 98), almost ten years later, and compared to a well-matched, never-ADHD comparison group (n = 85). Official criminal records for the sample were obtained approximately three years after commencement of the adolescent follow-up.;The results of these studies clearly establish a history of childhood maltreatment as a potent risk factor for later antisocial and substance use outcome in ADHD youth. In addition, it appears from our results that at least some portion of the poor outcome that has been attributed to CD in ADHD studies may in fact be due to childhood maltreatment. These findings have important implications with regard to antisocial and substance use outcomes and emphasize the utility of assessing childhood maltreatment in ADHD populations.
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Type
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dissertation
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Source
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2009_2013.csv
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degree
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Ph.D.
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Program
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Psychology
