Development of rational non-invasive brain electrotherapy: Optimization, Design and Analysis of Transcranial Current Stimulation
Item
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Title
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Development of rational non-invasive brain electrotherapy: Optimization, Design and Analysis of Transcranial Current Stimulation
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Identifier
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d_2009_2013:5bf8c4edff28:11006
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identifier
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11438
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Creator
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Datta, Abhishek,
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Contributor
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Marom Bikson
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Date
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2011
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Language
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English
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Publisher
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City University of New York.
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Subject
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Biomedical engineering | Neurosciences | Brain Stimulation | Electrical Stimulation | Finite Element Modeling | Head Model | tDCS | TMS
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Abstract
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Transcranial current stimulation involves the application of currents delivered non-invasively. Mild DC currents are used in transcranial DC stimulation (tDCS). Despite safety, cost and ease of use advantages, developments of therapies have been restricted by spatial targeting concerns. This thesis proposes the usage of optimized electrode configurations to improve focality of cortical induced currents. Using Finite element modeling (FEM), optimal stimulation electrode configurations are determined.;The translation of these FEM models to clinical applications requires incorporating highly detailed anatomical features. In this work, we developed a high-resolution MRI-derived model incorporating gyri/sulci specificity. This model is used to compare the conventional stimulation with our optimized configuration.;The proliferation of tDCS therapy has been accompanied by isolated reports regarding skin irritation/burns. The goal of this thesis was to also evaluate safety concerns of the proposed optimized configurations. Conventional tDCS is being explored to treat patients with traumatic brain injury. The presence of skull defects would alter the intensity/profile of induced current flow and thus modeling these deficits is warranted. The high-resolution model is modified to include skull defects and the resulting changes in current flow are analyzed.;It has been demonstrated that the position of the return electrode and the inter-electrode distance affects modulation under the active electrode. Via FEM, we evaluate the effect of return electrode's position/ size on cortical induced electric fields and compare reported findings.;We also used our high resolution model to compare clinical effects in a fibromyalgia study. Furthermore, we developed an individualized model for a stroke subject who underwent tDCS therapy. We showed that the lesion significantly modulated current flow patterns through the cortex.;Additionally, we validated the accuracy of our FEM model. Transcranial electrical stimulation was applied on a subject and voltage artifacts were compared against an individualized FEM model built for the same subject.;The consideration of tDCS induced current flow is of fundamental importance for the identification of candidates, optimization of electrotherapies and interpretation of clinical results. This thesis highlights the usage of computer models as a tool to develop (optimize/ design) non-invasive brain therapies as well as analyze treatment outcomes.
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Type
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dissertation
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Source
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2009_2013.csv
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degree
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Ph.D.
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Program
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Engineering
