Revisionary systematics and phylogeny of Vampyressa and Stenodermatinae (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae).
Item
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Title
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Revisionary systematics and phylogeny of Vampyressa and Stenodermatinae (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae).
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Identifier
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AAI3325443
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identifier
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3325443
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Creator
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Tavares, Valeria da Cunha.
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Contributor
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Adviser: Nancy B. Simmons
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Date
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2008
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Language
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English
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Publisher
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City University of New York.
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Subject
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Biology, Zoology | Biology, Molecular
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Abstract
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Vampyressa are delicate yellow-eared fruit bats widely distributed in the Neotropical region but rare locally. This dissertation contains a comprehensive phylogenetic reappraisal of this genus, in light of a robust hypothesis of evolutionary relationships for Stenodermatinae (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) - one of the most morphologically diverse subfamily of Neotropical frugivorous bats. Data from diverse morphological systems, a nuclear (RAG 2) and a mitochondrial (cytochrome b) gene were gathered for at least one species of each genus of Stenodermatinae to provide a robust total evidence analysis of the subfamily. Data generated were used to test alternative hypotheses of ingroup relationships within stenodermatines and generic rearrangements for Vampyressa s.l. and related genera.;The morphological character set included 181 new out of 300 characters and encompassed data from the pelage, vibrissae and papillae, patagium, skull morphology, postcranial morphology, hyoid apparatus, tongue, digestive and reproductive tract. Detailed descriptions were provided to each character, with demarcation of different states observed and ordering hypotheses for multistate characters, when applied. A total of 2083 characters in combination were analyzed with cladistic parsimony methods. Subsets of data were also examined separately, as follows: craniodental data; all morphology; Cytochrome b; RAG2; Cytochrome b plus RAG 2 combined.;Analyses of all characters resulted in a clearly paraphyletic Vampyressa s.l., which was divided into two clades: one encompassing Vampyressa bidens, V. brocki and V. nymphaea + Chiroderma and the other consisting of Vampyressa melissa , V. pusilla, and V. thyone . A clade consisting of Vampyressa bidens, V. brocki, and V. nymphaea was well supported, and a clade comprising V. brocki and V. nymphaea received strong support.;Analyses of separated sets of characters generally did not contradict the all-characters trees overall with the exception of relationships between Mesophylla and Ectophylla that formed a clade according to the morphological data. Morphology disagreed with the total evidence analysis concerning to the relationships between those taxa and Vampyressa, but were generally concordant concerning to other relationships.;A complete diagnosis is provided for taxa split from Vampyressa (s.l.), namely Metavampyressa and Vampyriscus, on the basis of shared ancestry and unique characters. Ectophylla and Mesophylla were considered full distinct genera as each of these two genera had a set of unique combinations of characters justifying the retention of generic status. The designation of tribes to reflect the principal clades recovered within stenodermatines is suggested.
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Type
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dissertation
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Source
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PQT Legacy CUNY.xlsx
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degree
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Ph.D.
