A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF REVOLUTIONARY NATIONALIST MOVEMENTS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA--FRELIMO (MOZAMBIQUE) AND THE AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS OF SOUTH AFRICA.
Item
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Title
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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF REVOLUTIONARY NATIONALIST MOVEMENTS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA--FRELIMO (MOZAMBIQUE) AND THE AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS OF SOUTH AFRICA.
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Identifier
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AAI8023669
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identifier
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8023669
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Creator
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FRIEDLAND, ELAINE ALICE.
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Date
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1980
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Language
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English
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Publisher
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City University of New York.
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Subject
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Political Science, General
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Abstract
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The ideological evolution of the ANC and FRELIMO, as well as FRELIMO's antecedent groups in the Mozambican nationalist movement, was the product of the dialectical relationship between the factors of socio-economic class and the specific historical circumstances. This dialectical relationship operated as follows: (1) In a settler-colonial estate system, when the historical circumstances involves the expansion of an African nationalist movement's efforts at mass mobilization, at the same time the colonial regime possesses an effective instrument to produce the withdrawal of a substantial percentage of the African petit-bourgeoisie from supporting that nationalist movement, it can alter the socio-economic class composition of the nationalist movement's leadership group. (2) Owing to the fact that each ideological category reflects the class interest of that leadership group--in terms of the relative distribution of the socio-economic classes composing that leadership group--plus the fact that a specific type of socio-economic class distribution within a nationalist movement's leadership group is associated with a particular ideological outlook, the alteration of the socio-economic class distribution of an African nationalist movement's leadership group--caused by the historical circumstances--will result in that nationalist movement adopting a new ideological outlook which has different socio-economic objectives from the previous ideological period. (3) The greater the degree of change in the socio-economic class distribution of an African nationalist movement's leadership group, the more fundamental will be the alteration of that movement's socio-economic objectives. (4) However, when in a settler-colonial estate system, the historical circumstances involves--along with the African nationalist movement's mass mobilization of the general population--only the colonial regime's unrestrained use of State power against that nationalist movement (namely, the colonial regime lacks an effective instrument to increase the percentage of the African petit-bourgeoisie which has been transformed into an African collaborator class), the socio-economic class distribution of that nationalist movement's leadership group will be comparatively stable. Nevertheless, this historical circumstance's result will be that that African nationalist movement, although maintaining the same socio-economic objectives, will abandon its use of non-violent tactics and will adopt military means to achieve its objectives.;Finally, the ANC and FRELIMO have developed into Revolutionary Nationalist movements because of the effect of the historical circumstances in South Africa and Mozambique has been to alter the socio-economic class distribution of their leadership groups so that a predominant majority of their leadership groups are derived from the combined group consisting of the African industrial-service working class, the African agricultural working class, and the African peasantry; while a substantial minority of their leadership groups come from the African petit-bourgeoisie. The ideology of Revolutionary Nationalism not only reflects the class interest of this type of socio-economic class distribution within those movement's leadership groups, but also the class interest of the social structure of the African nation as a whole, because it aims that the ruling class of the new society--that is those having economic and political decision-making power--will be those classes which constitute the overwhelming majority of the African population--the working classes and the peasantry.
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Type
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dissertation
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Source
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PQT Legacy CUNY.xlsx
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degree
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Ph.D.
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Program
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Political Science
