THE EFFECTS OF CIGARETTE-WITHDRAWAL AND A RELATED VERBAL STIMULUS ON REM SLEEP AND DREAMING.
Item
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Title
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THE EFFECTS OF CIGARETTE-WITHDRAWAL AND A RELATED VERBAL STIMULUS ON REM SLEEP AND DREAMING.
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Identifier
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AAI8023687
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identifier
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8023687
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Creator
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BATSON, HORACE WILSON.
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Contributor
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Steven Ellman
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Date
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1980
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Language
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English
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Publisher
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City University of New York.
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Subject
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Psychology, Clinical
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Abstract
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The effects of Cigarette-Withdrawal (or Thirst) and a verbally related stimulus on dream reports were investigated. In our first condition, Baseline dreams were elicited from Subjects. In our second counterbalanced condition, Subjects were cigarette-deprived for 24 hours, and during their laboratory sleep period a cigarette-related message was delivered to Subjects during REMPs (i.e., Phasic and Tonic). In a variation of the second night, the same participants were fluid-deprived for 24 hours, and then fed a salty meal prior to going to bed; dream report collection and thirst message administration were similar to our cigarette condition.;For the control conditions or awakenings, Subjects were not deprived of food, water, or cigarettes; mentation report collection was not preceded by a verbally related stimulus. It was found that: (1) Thirst content in dreams was not maximized in the Fluid-Deprivation condition beyond the level of the control situation; (2) Thirst-related dream content was more frequent in the Thirst-Stimulus, than Thirst-No-Stimulus condition, but not more than the control condition; (3) Cigarette content in dreams was not maximized in the Cigarette Withdrawal condition beyond the level of the control situation; (4) Cigarette-related dream content was more frequent in the Cigarette-Withdrawal-Tonic-Stimulus than the Cigarette-Withdrawal-Tonic-No-Stimulus condition; (5) Class 2 Minimum Hostility was more frequent in the Cigarette-Withdrawal than the Fluid-Deprivation condition, but not for control; (6) Neither Thirst nor Cigarette-Withdrawal increased the frequency of oral-derivative dream themes; (7) Dream themes seemed to have bearing on intensity of postsleep cigarette need. Subjects with gratifying dreams (i.e., positive themes of eating, drinking, and/or cigarette-withdrawal symptoms) smoked less cigarettes following sleep than non-gratified Subjects; (8) Cigarette-Withdrawal and Thirst, in the presence of the auditory stimulus, increased the amount of REM Phasic activity. There tended to be more words in the: Thirst-Phasic-Stimulus than Baseline-Phasic condition; Thirst-Phasic-Stimulus, than Thirst-Tonic-Stimulus, and Cigarette-Withdrawal-Phasic-Stimulus, than No-Stimulus counterpart situation. Moreover, there were more words from Phasic than Tonic dreams.;The findings of the present investigation were related to Baldridge and co-workers, and Kales and associates' study which indicated tht a "so-called" acquired drive of cigarette-need did not significantly modify dream content. It was suggested that criteria used to determine incorporation were too stringent, and did not allow for a wide range of cognitive representatives appearing in the dream--from direct (i.e., cigarette smoking) to indirect (i.e., irritability, impatience, coughing, etc.). The verbal stimulus in conjunction with either cigarette- or water-need maximized dream modification. The author hypothesized that the deprivation procedures served, in Freud's terms, as an "excitatory process" which became bound by Subjects' screening mechanisms, which resulted in less thirst- or cigarette-related material than control conditions.
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Type
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dissertation
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Source
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PQT Legacy CUNY.xlsx
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degree
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Ph.D.
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Program
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Psychology
