Generation and category effects on item and source recall: Age-related differences.
Item
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Title
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Generation and category effects on item and source recall: Age-related differences.
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Identifier
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AAI3074650
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identifier
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3074650
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Creator
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Farella-Busch, Susan.
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Contributor
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Adviser: Wilma A. Winnick
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Date
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2003
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Language
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English
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Publisher
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City University of New York.
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Subject
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Psychology, Cognitive | Psychology, Developmental
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Abstract
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Younger adults' source and item memory rarely differ, while older adults' source memory is usually more impaired than their item memory. In the present experiment item memory and two types of source memory were tested: encoding source memory and the proposed category cued source memory. The source memory scores for these two groups were predicted to differ depending on the source task demands.;In two experiments 27 older participants (65--89 years old) and 27 younger participants (18--30 years old) were presented three encoding tasks at study: read a target word at the end of a full sentence (read only), complete an incomplete sentence with the target word (generate word), and generate a sentence to a given target word (generate sentence). Half of these target words belonged to three categories, and half of the words could not be grouped into common categories.;Differences between the two experiments were introduced at the retrieval stage. Experiment 1 measured item memory by free recall, encoding source memory by source identification, and category influences by category-cued recall. Experiment 2 omitted free recall and changed the encoding source measure to encoding cued recall; i.e., participants were to name the words that had been encoded in each of the three ways. Thus, the retrieval measures were made comparable (i.e., both cued recall tasks).;Robust effects of the three-step encoding processes were found in item and encoding source memory for both groups, in which memory scores for the generative conditions were higher than memory scores for the read only condition. Cued category recall scores were higher than encoding source scores for older adults, whereas these scores were not significantly different for younger adults. Age effects were suggested by the comparison of results between Experiments 1 and 2, which showed that the young group had higher overall scores in Experiment 2 (using encoding source cued recall), while the older group performed more poorly on the second experiment. Results were interpreted within the framework of relevant memory and aging theories.
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Type
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dissertation
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Source
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PQT Legacy CUNY.xlsx
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degree
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Ph.D.
