THE QUESTION OF CONTINGENT IMAGE SELF RECOGNITION IN APES AND MONKEYS.
Item
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Title
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THE QUESTION OF CONTINGENT IMAGE SELF RECOGNITION IN APES AND MONKEYS.
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Identifier
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AAI8319749
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identifier
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8319749
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Creator
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CALHOUN, SUZANNE.
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Contributor
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Robert L. Thompson | James Gordon
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Date
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1983
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Language
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English
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Publisher
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City University of New York.
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Subject
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Psychology, Experimental
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Abstract
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G. G. Gallup, Jr. and colleagues have repeatedly reported that the chimpanzee recognizes its own image after a few days' exposure to a mirror, while monkeys show no evidence of self recognition. Four chimpanzees were tested in a systematic replication of Gallup's procedure with video tape documentation. Two demonstrated self recognition. Two tested negatively: one, a four year old wild born; the second, a laboratory reared 13 month old. Neither animal exhibited social responding or 'contingency testing' to the mirror. It was suggested that dissonant social feedback from the mirror facilitates differentiation of the self. The two positive chimpanzees retained self recognition over one year without intervening mirror experience, strengthening the contention that what is probed by the Gallup test has characteristics in common with human self awareness.;A pigtail macaque failed to demonstrate self recognition despite 11 months of mirror exposure and tactile access to the mirror. Toward analysis of the failure of monkeys in tests of self recognition, an instrumental paradigm permitted pigtail macaques to respond for video monitor views of social stimuli or video noise ('snow'). In two experiments no statistical significance was detected in responding for views of a colony mate or video noise with or without prior 24-hour visual isolation from the colony. Another experiment modified the Humphrey and Keeble (1976) procedure to provide alternating views of another monkey, the subject monkey in present time, and video noise. Only duration of responding for video noise approached significance (p = .09). Factors considered as influencing the results included screen brightness, the qualities of video noise, use of black and white instead of color video, and the possible aversiveness of the social stimuli. In a control experiment, frequency of responding was determined in some large part by a manipulative tendency, but duration of viewing was differentially sensitive to the presence or absence of visual consequences on the monitor (p = .05).
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Type
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dissertation
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Source
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PQT Legacy CUNY.xlsx
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degree
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Ph.D.
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Program
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Psychology
