Suggestibility effects for inferred typical and atypical script -based actions.
Item
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Title
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Suggestibility effects for inferred typical and atypical script -based actions.
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Identifier
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AAI3074668
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identifier
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3074668
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Creator
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Misiurski, Cara Anne.
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Contributor
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Adviser: Laraine McDonough
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Date
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2003
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Language
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English
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Publisher
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City University of New York.
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Subject
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Psychology, Cognitive | Psychology, Experimental
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Abstract
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The following series of experiments investigated participants' memories for finished and unfinished script-based actions (typical and atypical) with a focus on the relationship between strength of recognition and vulnerability to misinformation. Atypical script-based actions (e.g., the theatre starting the wrong movie) were tested in the first experiment with adults. Three kinds of atypical actions were examined: Obstacles (actions that disrupt the goal of the story), Distractors (unanticipated mishaps), and Errors (undesired outcomes that are explicitly corrected in the scripts). The results show that the Error actions were less well recognized and more vulnerable to misinformation effects despite the fact that more information was given within the scripts about these actions. The next experiments examined recognition of stated actions and self-generated inferred actions in children and adults. Whereas previous studies required participant to make inferences about the cause of particular outcomes (i.e., backward inference effects), the scripts in the present experiments gave information about causal actions and half of the time the results had to be inferred (i.e., forward inference effects). Results revealed the same pattern of recognition errors for the inferred unstated actions by both age groups, with children making more errors than adults. That is, adults and children alike have difficulties distinguishing inferred outcomes from those reported. In the last experiments, a forensically relevant script that required adults to make inferences about typical and atypical script-based activities was normed and tested. Two retrieval tasks, a yes/no recognition task typically used in memory tasks and a source monitoring task that reportedly requires participants to be more vigilant about whether they actually heard a report or inferred it, were used. The results revealed that atypical inferences produced more false identification errors that typical inferences regardless of task. These experiments add to and refine the widely accepted and researched Script pointed plus tag hypothesis originally proposed by Schank and Abelson (1977).
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Type
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dissertation
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Source
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PQT Legacy CUNY.xlsx
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degree
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Ph.D.
