THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HYPNOTIZABILITY, CREATIVITY, AND PSI IN THE GANZFELD (ESP, GESP, TELEPATHY).
Item
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Title
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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HYPNOTIZABILITY, CREATIVITY, AND PSI IN THE GANZFELD (ESP, GESP, TELEPATHY).
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Identifier
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AAI8611385
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identifier
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8611385
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Creator
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SONDOW, NANCY.
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Contributor
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Gertrude R. Schmeidler
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Date
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1986
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Language
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English
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Publisher
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City University of New York.
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Subject
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Psychology, Experimental
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Abstract
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Psi functioning, hypnotizability, and creativity appeared to share openness to unconscious processing. This study explores their interrelations. Speculations were stated as 18 formal hypotheses.;30 males and 30 females took tests of hypnotizability (SGSHS:C); measures of creativity (self-report, Barron-Welsh Art Scale, independence of judgement, and tolerance for ambiguity); dream recall frequency; dream quality; absorption; Gestalt Completion. In another session, they gave free responses while in 35-minute Ganzfeld isolation, attempting to describe by ESP aspects of a randomly selected target picture. Subject's mentation was transcribed by the experimenter, who was blind to the target and the subject's trait scores. Subject and experimenter ranked and rated (double blind) the resemblances between mentation and pictures.;After correction for selection, formal findings were null. One of 13 psi hypotheses was significantly supported: dream quality correlated with psi success (r = +.25, 58df, p < .05, 2-tailed). Effort correlated negatively with psi, contrary to prediction. Two of 5 hypnotizability hypotheses were significantly supported for self-report of creativity but not for other creativity measures: self-report correlated significantly with hypnotizability for all subjects (r = +.26, p < .05) and for females (r = +.43, p < .009).;Exploratory analyses yielded interesting post hoc findings which may clarify why overall results were null, especially: (a) 31 subjects who resisted instructions showed significant psi-missing; the remaining 29 scored above chance. (b) 28 subjects who reported the Ganzfeld experience "just happened" showed significant psi-missing; 32 who "made it happen" scored above chance. Happen (locus of control) was consistently negatively correlated with psi through many data subdivisions. (c) Sex and hypnotizability interacted with the Effort Scale. Males reported more effort and females more passivity in the Ganzfeld with increasing hypnotizability. Partialling out of the effect of this cognitive habit revealed hidden positive relationships between psi success and hypnotizability and between psi success and creativity for females. (d) Experimenter's presession mood correlated with subjects' psi success. ESP scoring differences between males and females could be largely explained by simultaneously controlling for interpretation, resistance, and experimenter mood.;Discussion focussed on exploring further both an unconscious component to psi success (indicated, e.g., by dream imaginativeness) and a conscious component (e.g., "making it happen").
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Type
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dissertation
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Source
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PQT Legacy CUNY.xlsx
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degree
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Ph.D.
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Program
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Psychology
