PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MEASURES OF EXCESSIVE DAYTIME SLEEPINESS (EDS) IN SLEEP APNEICS, NORMALS AND SLEEP DEPRIVED NORMALS.
Item
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Title
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PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MEASURES OF EXCESSIVE DAYTIME SLEEPINESS (EDS) IN SLEEP APNEICS, NORMALS AND SLEEP DEPRIVED NORMALS.
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Identifier
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AAI8629701
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identifier
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8629701
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Creator
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HERTZ, GILA.
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Contributor
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Gad Hakerem
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Date
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1986
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Language
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English
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Publisher
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City University of New York.
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Subject
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Psychology, Psychobiology
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Abstract
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Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS) is a condition of being persistently sleepy during the day, having a tendency to fall asleep at almost any time during the waking state. EDS is a major symptom in patients with sleep apnea and the most disabling one. Daytime sleepiness is also experienced by healthy individuals who underwent experimental sleep deprivation. Monitoring the pupil behavior (pupillometry) and measuring the tendency to fall asleep (MSLT) in sleepy individuals, were found to be effective tools in evaluating sleepiness in normals and in patients with other disorders of sleepiness. The present study was designed to use pupillometry in conjunction with MSLT to assess sleepiness in apnea patients, and to determine whether these tools are useful in differentiating EDS in sleep apnea from the sleepiness experienced by sleep deprived normals.;Pupil signs of sleepiness were measured in 10 untreated apnea patients and were compared to the pupillary behavior of age matched normal controls. The control group was tested twice: once following adequate night's sleep, and once following sleep deprivation night. The protocol, which was the same for all subjects, involved the recording of pupil size in darkness for two minutes, followed by the presentation of 15 low intensity, short duration light stimuli. This procedure was repeated just prior and immediately following 4 MSLT trials, at 10:00, 12:00, 14:00 and 16:00. On each MSLT trial, subjects were allowed to sleep for 10 minutes or to stay in bed for 20 minutes. In addition, the subjects filled out the Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS) eight times during the day before and after napping.;Results showed that the sleep deprived normals were significantly sleepier than apneics on the SSS and on the latencies to sleep stages 1 and 2. Pupil variability, was significantly greater in the two "sleepy" groups compared to the well rested normals, indicating that the instability in pupillary size is a general measure of sleepiness. The apneics, however, had a significantly less extensive light reflex, and a slower pupillary contraction in response to light compared to the two normal groups. Suprisingly, though, the reflex in apneics recovered to almost normal shape following napping. Such recovery combined with the MSLT and SSS findings, indicated that it is likely that the apnea patients demonstrated an adaptation to their situation of chronically having a disrupted sleep.
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Type
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dissertation
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Source
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PQT Legacy CUNY.xlsx
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degree
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Ph.D.
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Program
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Psychology
