APHASIA AND MEMORY FOR TEMPORAL ORDER.
Item
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Title
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APHASIA AND MEMORY FOR TEMPORAL ORDER.
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Identifier
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AAI8708269
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identifier
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8708269
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Creator
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AMITAI, HANNAH RAPHAELE.
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Contributor
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J.R. Tweedy
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Date
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1987
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Language
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English
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Publisher
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City University of New York.
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Subject
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Psychology, Physiological
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Abstract
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Aphasic adults were compared to age-matched controls and young adults on tasks of short-term order memory. Subjects were presented with four-item strings of pictures followed by immediate probed recall. Subjects responded with the ordinal position of the probe item in the preceding string. To assess the possibility of facilitation of temporal-order recall by providing concomitant spatial information, two presentation formats were employed. One provided explicit spatial cues, and one displayed each item in the string in the same position. To assess the effect of changes in the nameability of the stimulus materials, recognizable and nameable, as well as meaningless nonsense figures were used. Response distributions at each input position, reflecting accuracy and error magnitude are presented. Results are discussed in the context of current item and order models of short-term retention.;Overall accuracy levels of aphasics were impaired relative to controls and young adults, but the aphasics' serial position functions demonstrated enhanced recency, limited to the last item in the string, where performance statistically equivalent to normals was observed. Those portions of the serial position function most dependent upon phonological coding and rehearsal, the beginning and middle portions, were depressed relative to normals. The aphasics' recall of the most recent item was apparently mediated by the application of an ordinal retrieval strategy base to an unstable visual code. There were no significant age differences between the matched controls and young adults. Patterns of information loss for all groups were consistent with those predicted by the perturbation model (Lee and Estes, 1981).;Aphasics' sensitivity to changes in the nameability of stimulus materials was reduced relative to the normal subjects tested. This sensitivity was only very weakly related to the patients' confrontation naming skill. For both the easy-to-label and difficult-to-label stimuli, the aphasics performance was similar to that of normals under conditions of acoustic similarity.;Additional spatial information at input flattened the serial position curve for both groups but provided no overall benefit; however, error distributions at each input position revealed a slight facilitation of performance on the part of the aphasics when the easy-to-label stimuli were presented sequentially in a clockwise pattern.
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Type
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dissertation
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Source
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PQT Legacy CUNY.xlsx
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degree
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Ph.D.
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Program
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Psychology
