Relationships between retrograde and anterograde amnesia.
Item
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Title
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Relationships between retrograde and anterograde amnesia.
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Identifier
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AAI9029913
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identifier
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9029913
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Creator
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Barnett, Jacqueline Y.
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Contributor
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Adviser: Lous J. Gerstman
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Date
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1990
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Language
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English
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Publisher
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City University of New York.
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Subject
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Psychology, Clinical | Psychology, Psychobiology
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Abstract
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Remote memory disorders that occur as a consequence of cerebral dysfunction have traditionally been overshadowed by anterograde memory impairment, inasmuch as the magnitude, prevalence, and scope of knowledge that is affected in anterograde amnesia (AA) is usually determined to supersede the parameters of retrograde amnesia (RA). Episodic memory is presumably more vulnerable to neurologic insult than semantic memory which, on the contrary, is considered to be resilient. The severity and extent for forgetting in episodic memory, specifically, for knowledge of public events and contextual facts, have been identified in the form of "temporally-limited" and "temporally-extensive" patterns that loosely correspond to etiologies that are associated with lesions in mesial temporal/limbic midbrain regions and mammillary-diencephalic regions, respectively. This investigation attempted to describe RA in different etiologies of cerebral dysfunction. Performance measures consisted of a remote memory test (RMQ), encompassing generic and singular facts in addition to public events and personal information that is chronologically-constrained, as well as tests of anterograde memory, naming, general memory, cognitive functioning, and intelligence. Samples of head-injured and mixed etiology brain-damaged patients were carefully matched with intact control subjects; a group of inpatients were evaluated following ECT and performance on the memory battery was compared with Pre-ECT scores. Patients yielded severe remote memory deficits in comparison to normal control performance, that affected temporally-constrained knowledge types, as well as generic and singular categories. Head-injured patients demonstrated severe and extensive RA, irrespective of recovery stage at testing. Additionally, the temporal patterns of Public Chronological forgetting for mixed etiology and Post-ECT subjects were extensive and large. Temporal span for head-injured subjects was deep and robust. All groups displayed impaired performance on discrete anterograde memory tests. Generic recall was not associated with general memory abilities, word retrieval, or intelligence for Post-ECT and mixed etiology subjects. Singular Factual recall was related to word retrieval. RA was associated with intelligence in head-injured subjects. Findings suggested intra-domain dissociations between knowledge categories after ECT and head injury. Profiles of remote and recent memory are consistent with dual activation-arousal models of RA.
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Type
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dissertation
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Source
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PQT Legacy CUNY.xlsx
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degree
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Ph.D.
