Are priming and recency effects parts of the same implicit memory process?
Item
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Title
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Are priming and recency effects parts of the same implicit memory process?
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Identifier
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AAI9997106
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identifier
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9997106
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Creator
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Marini, Sergio.
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Contributor
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Adviser: Susan Karp Manning
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Date
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2001
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Language
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English
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Publisher
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City University of New York.
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Subject
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Psychology, Cognitive | Psychology, Experimental | Psychology, Psychometrics
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Abstract
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Recency is the better recall of the last items in a serially presented list, and priming is the change in performance on a task, caused by the previous presentation of information, not requiring the participant's conscious awareness. Baddeley and Hitch (1993) argued that recency and priming may be the result of the same implicit memory process. Their hypothesis was supported by evidence that priming and recency do not dissociate with respect to several variables.;Questioning their conclusions we designed a study in which we expected to find dissociations. Presentation modality and stimulus frequency were chosen as independent variables, since previous studies suggested their differential effects on priming and recency.;In order to properly evaluate the Baddeley and Hitch (1993) hypothesis, we developed a unique paradigm that allowed a direct comparison of priming and recency. The new technique was not confounded, since the same presentation conditions were used before two tasks. After an identical presentation of the target list, composed of words and numbers, participants were either asked to recall as many words as they could from the list, in order to assess recency, or to complete a stem completion task, in order to assess priming.;In Experiment 1 a suffix was presented at the end of the target list, while in Experiment 2 there was no suffix presented. In Experiment 3 the test was made more explicit by having participants focus their attention on the relevant stimuli. Measures of long term recall and long term priming were also obtained.;Dissociations were found in Experiments 1 and 2. In Experiment 1, priming was significantly greater than recency in the visual condition, while in the auditory condition there was no significant difference. In Experiment 2, priming was significantly greater than recency in the low frequency condition, while there was no significant difference in the high frequency condition. A number of other dissociations were also found.;The results contradict the hypothesis advanced by Baddeley and Hitch (1993). Thus, it is suggested that priming and recency should be regarded as resulting, at least in part, from different memory processes.
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Type
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dissertation
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Source
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PQT Legacy CUNY.xlsx
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degree
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Ph.D.
